(Answer) (Category) The Solar-AC FAQ : (Category) Minimizing the need for cooling : (Answer) What's thermal mass and why do I want it?
Thermal mass is the tendency of physical objects to store heat. Massive objects tend to have more thermal mass, but that isn't always the case. Water, for instance, has very high thermal mass per kilogram (specific heat). Metal has surprisingly little, which is why a heavy pan heats much more quickly than the same pan full of water.

See also: (Xref) Tables of specific and latent heat values

Thermal mass inside a home tends to damp and time-delay the day-night cycle of heating and cooling. This can drastically reduce the amount of active cooling needed. The thermal mass should be INSIDE the insulated space of the home.
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